Čištění plynu ze zplyňování biomasy

Biomass gasification gas cleaning

journal article - other

en

The significance of energy use of biomass as a renewable energy source keeps on growing and so does the significance of finding new ways of transformation. Being one of the forms of biomass conversion, thermal gasification has for years been in the focus of interest of expert public. The gas produced in the process of gasification can be used either by burning it directly in a steam boiler, combustion engine, or a gas turbine, or it can be used for separation of hydrogen and consequent use in fuel cells. Use of the gas generated in the course of biomass gasification in other processes is limited by the efficiency of its cleaning from impurities and admixtures. Track is kept, above all, of the content of dust, tar and sulphur and chlorine compounds. The methods of gas cleaning are numerous, starting from those applied directly in the fluidized bed of the gasification generator via wet scrubbing up to thermal and catalytic methods in secondary reactors. The present article deals with the results of research into the cleaning of gas coming from atmospheric fluidised bed gasifier. Our institute has experience from both the primary measures reducing tar production and the methods using lime and metallic catalysts to reduce tar in gas in a secondary bed. It also includes methods and results of measurements taken during long-term activities involving pilot atmospheric fluidised bed gasifier BIOFLUID 100. Investigation was undertaken in particular into the impact of operating conditions of individual catalysts on the composition and heat value of the gas and also on the residual amounts of tar in the gas and its make-up.

Význam energetického využití biomasy jako obnovitelného zdroje energie nadále roste, a tak je významné i hledání nových způsobů transformace. Jako jedna z forem konverze biomasy je tepelné zplyňování již několik let v popředí zájmu odborné veřejnosti. Plynu, vyrobeného v procesu zplyňování, lze použít buď spálením přímo v parním kotli, spalovacím motoru nebo plynové turbíně, nebo jej lze použít pro separaci vodíku a následné použití v palivových článcích. Použití plynu je omezeno účinností čištění od nečistot a příměsí. Tento článek se zabývá výsledky výzkumu v oblasti čištění plynu z atmosférického fluidního lože. Náš ústav má zkušenosti jak z primárními opatřeními ke snížení produkce dehtu a metodami s použitím dolomitu a kovových katalyzátorů pro snížení obsahu dehtu v plynu v sekundárním loži. Obsahuje také metody a výsledky měření provedených v průběhu dlouhodobý činnosti zahrnující pilotní atmosférického fluidního generátoru BIOFLUID 100. Šetření bylo provedeno zejména na vliv provozních podmínek jednotlivých katalyzátorů na složení a výhřevnost plynu a také na zbytkové množství dehtu v plynu.

The significance of energy use of biomass as a renewable energy source keeps on growing and so does the significance of finding new ways of transformation. Being one of the forms of biomass conversion, thermal gasification has for years been in the focus of interest of expert public. The gas produced in the process of gasification can be used either by burning it directly in a steam boiler, combustion engine, or a gas turbine, or it can be used for separation of hydrogen and consequent use in fuel cells. Use of the gas generated in the course of biomass gasification in other processes is limited by the efficiency of its cleaning from impurities and admixtures. Track is kept, above all, of the content of dust, tar and sulphur and chlorine compounds. The methods of gas cleaning are numerous, starting from those applied directly in the fluidized bed of the gasification generator via wet scrubbing up to thermal and catalytic methods in secondary reactors. The present article deals with the results of research into the cleaning of gas coming from atmospheric fluidised bed gasifier. Our institute has experience from both the primary measures reducing tar production and the methods using lime and metallic catalysts to reduce tar in gas in a secondary bed. It also includes methods and results of measurements taken during long-term activities involving pilot atmospheric fluidised bed gasifier BIOFLUID 100. Investigation was undertaken in particular into the impact of operating conditions of individual catalysts on the composition and heat value of the gas and also on the residual amounts of tar in the gas and its make-up.

biomasa, odstraňování dehtu, katalyzátory

biomass, tar reduction, catalysts

2010

20.08.2010

Bratislava

1337-9089

ERIN 3

3

2

32–39

8