Course detail
Biomechanics III - Cardiovascular
FSI-RBM Acad. year: 2021/2022 Winter semester
The course starts with basic information on structure of cardiovascular system, its anatomy, physiology, histology and atherosclerosis as its most frequent pathology. An overview of basic reological properties of blood is presented, as well as constitutive models for description of its non-Newtonian behaviour. The course presents the structure of relevant soft tissues, ways of its analysis at the level of cells and fibres, impact of the structure on mechanical behaviour of the tissue and possibilities of its constitutive description. All this is applied in computational models of animal cells, arteries and heart chamber, created in ANSYS software.
Further, the course deals with technical fundamentals of therapeutic treatments and man-made replacements used at cardio-vascular system (vascular grafts, arterial stents, artificial heart valves, artificial heart pumps). The course deals with their technical principles, materials, production technology and basic requirements of biocompatibility.
Supervisor
Learning outcomes of the course unit
Students will have a clear idea of basic biomechanical problems of cardiovascular system and of the implants used in it. They will be able to model these problems at the actual level of scientific knowledge and of technological equipment.
Prerequisites
Knowledge of basic terms of theory of elasticity and selected theories in the range of the course 5PP-A (stress, strain, general Hooke's law, membrane theory of shells, thick-wall cylindrical vessel). Description of mechanical properties of materials under large strains using hyperelastic constitutive models including anisotropic ones. Basic properties of Newtonian liquids (viscosity), theory of linear viscoelasticity. Fundamentals of FEM and basic handling of ANSYS system.
Planned learning activities and teaching methods
The course is taught through lectures explaining the basic principles and theory of the discipline. Fundamentals of anatomy, physiology and pathology of cardiovascular system are presented by an external medical lecturer (Mgr. MUDr. Michaela Vojnová Řebíčková). Seminars are focused on practical exercising of the topics presented in lectures.
Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes
Active participation in seminars, final project and its defence, test of basic theoretical knowledge.
Language of instruction
Czech
Aims
The aim of the course is to provide basic general knowledge about properties of tissues in cardiovascular system and analyze in detail impact of their structure on mechanical behaviour. Students should get acquainted with computational models of heart and blood vessels at the level corresponding to the actual state of science and capabilites of the existing software. They also get familiar with treatments and implants applied in the cardio-vascular system and principles of their function and design.
Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences
Attendance at practical training is obligatory. An apologized absence can be compensed by individual projects controlled by the tutor.
The study programmes with the given course
Programme N-IMB-P: Engineering Mechanics and Biomechanics, Master's
branch BIO: Biomechanics, 6 credits, compulsory
Type of course unit
Lecture
26 hours, optionally
Teacher / Lecturer
Syllabus
1.Introduction, contents of the course, mechanical properties of soft biological tissues and their experimental evaluation.
2. Fundamental medical information on cardiovascular system.
3. Fundamentals of physiological processes in heart (ECG, Starling's law) and blood vessels.
4. Composition and rheological properties of blood, models of blood behaviour, velocity profiles of non-Newtonean liquids, Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect.
5. Mechanical properties of cells and their computational modelling.
6. Structure and composition of vascular wall, mechanical properties of the wall and its components, poroelastic models, residual stresses in arteries. Structure of myocardium.
7. Mechanical influence on atherosclerotic processes, principials of medical treatment of sclerotic arteries.
8. Arterial stents, principles of thier function, design and production.
9. Vascular grafts (arterial replacements), types, properties, application, production.
10. Natural and artificial heart valves, principles of their function, overview of available products.
11.Ventricular assist devices and total artificial hearts.
12. Anisotropic constitutive models of soft tissues, assessment of orientation of collagen fibres and principal material directions.
13.Actual possibilities of computational modelling of cardiovascular system.
Computer-assisted exercise
13 hours, compulsory
Teacher / Lecturer
Syllabus
1.-2. Analytic calculations of stresses in arterial wall, their limitations.
3.-4. Evaluation of reological parameters of the blood circuit, FSI analysis.
5.-6. FE tensegrity model of animal cell.
7.-8. FE model of left ventricle.
9.-10. FE model of aorta, residual stress.
11.-12. Evaluation of residual stress in arteral wall using volume growth (fictitious temperature) method.
13. Formulation of semester projects.